Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi 141.Sayı

326 Bir Anglo – Amerikan Hukuku Müessesesi Olarak Cezalandırıcı Tazminatın ... ve hükmedilme şartları detayıyla ele alındığında görülmektedir ki, hukukumuzdaki genel sorumluluk ilkelerinden sapma teşkil eden bu düzenlemelerin varlığı yadsınamayacak olmakla birlik- te, bu düzenlemelerden doğan uygulamalar, çoğunlukla, Ang- lo-Amerikan hukuk sistemlerindeki manasıyla cezalandırıcı taz- minatın tüm unsur ve özelliklerini taşımamakta ve medeni ceza niteliği teşkil etmektedirler Anahtar Kelimeler: Cezalandırıcı Tazminat, Medeni Hukuk Cezası, Tazminat, Manevi Tazminat, İş Hukukundan Kaynakla- nan Tazminatlar, Çoklu Tazminatlar, Çek Tazminatı, Vekâletsiz İş Görme, Yeniden Kiralama Yasağı, İcra İnkâr ve Kötüniyet Tazmi- natı, Mirastan Iskat Abstract: The concept of Punitive Damages which finds its roots in Common Law systems, aims to perform a punitive and preventive function enabling ruling of a compensation that is distinct of the actual damage. Within this context, it stands out as a diverse and independent type of damages, differing from the classical principle regarding damages which is based on an understanding to rule a compensation which is proportionate to the damage occurred. According to the dominant principles laid out in Civil Law systems and thus in Turkish Law, since dama- ges have the function to compensate the damage occurred and the compensation for the damage shall not cause unjust enrich- ment of the injured party, punitive damages are not included as a distinct title of damages in these systems. However, it can be seen that, in many fields of Turkish Private Law, special liability arrangements are projected with punishment and prevention purposes in which the compensation is granted independent from the amount of actual damage similar to the concept of pu- nitive damages and its Common Law practice explained in this paper. In this paper, the concept of punitive damages is explai- ned firstly, then, some special liability arrangements stipulated under Turkish Private Law are scrutinized with a view to com- pare whether these arrangements can be construed as punitive damages under the Anglo-American perspective. In a detailed assessment of these special liability arrangements compensa- tion and terms of ruling to compensation under relying on the said arrangements, it can be concluded that existence of these diverse arrangements in our legal systems is undeniable, ho- wever, the application of these liability arrangements does not reflect all of the elements and characteristics of the punitive damages as understood in the Common Law systems and that these arrangements primarily constitute a civil punishment. Keywords: Punitive Damages, Civil Law, Damages, Non- Pecuniary Damages; Negotiorum Gestio; Damages for Kite Check, Multiple Damages