Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi 150.Sayı

86 Salgın Hastalıklar ve Salgın Hastalıklar Özelinde Sağlık Hakkına Avrupa İnsan Hakları ... Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19, Salgın Hastalık, Pandemi, Sağlık Hakkı, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi Abstract: Plague of a disease in a given population, region or season is to be seen as clearly more than the expected normal fre- quency; these diseases throughout history, societies social, cultural, political, scientific, economic and military structures that affect re- sults it has produced. The concept of disease is hardly subject to the agenda, which will bring about the right to health. The right to health is a fundamental human right and can be defined as the rights that enable the protection and development of one’s health. These rights include the right to life, the Prohibition of torture, in- human and degrading treatment, freedom and security of persons, the right to a fair trial, the right to respect for private and family life, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expressi- on, freedom of assembly and association, and non-discrimination. The Turkish Constitution guarantees the right to life with Article 17 and the right to health with Article 56. In the face of the pandemic, it is inevitable that states will take measures at various levels and types to protect the fundamental rights of individuals, especially the right to life and health. In a system where the state of law exists, all decisions taken and all actions taken must be based on a legal justification. Unfortunately, most of the measures already taken are created by regulations that do not meet these criteria, and especi- ally circulars that ignore the legality element. The principles of epi- demic diseases in Turkish law are scattered and the main legislation carrying provisions for them can be considered as the Constitution, the Emergency Law, the Public Hygiene Law, the Turkish Penal Code and the Provincial Administration Law. Keywords: COVID-19, Epidemic Disease, Pandemic, Right to Health, European Court of Human Rights GİRİŞ 2019’un Aralık ayında gündemi, yaşamı ve gelecekle ilgili beklen- tilerimizi değiştiren yeni bir salgınla tanıştık: Yeni Koronavirüs (CO- VID-19) olarak adlandırılan bu yeni salgın, Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wu- han kentinde ortaya çıkan ve solunum yolu belirtileri (ateş, öksürük, nefes darlığı) gelişen bir grup hastada yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda 13 Ocak 2020’de tanımlanan bir virüstü. Salgın, başlangıçta bu bölge- deki deniz ürünleri ve hayvan pazarında bulunanlarda tespit edilmiş- ti. Daha sonra insandan insana bulaşarak Wuhan başta olmak üzere Hubei eyaletindeki diğer şehirlere ve Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin diğer eyaletlerine ve diğer dünya ülkelerine yayılmış olup 1 Dünya Sağlık 1 “Q&A on Coronaviruses (COVID-19)” (World Health Organization, 23 March