Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi 153.Sayı

40 Şüpheli ve Sanığın Ceza Muhakemesi İşlemlerine Katlanma Yükümlülüğüne Getirilen ... Anahtar Kelimeler: Nemo Tenetur Seipsum Accusare İlkesi, Susma Hakkı, Katlanma Yükümlülüğü, Aktif Katılmaya Zorlama Ya- sağı, Ölçülülük İlkesi Abstract: In the Criminal Procedure Law, whose main objective is to uncover the material fact the defendant wants to contribute to this objective, he/she must do so with her free will. According to the nemo tenetur seipsum accusare principle, no one can be com- pelled to make accusing statements or to offer evidence against him/herself or his/her relatives. The basis of this universal principle is the freedom to refrain from self-incriminating behavior. Although there is no uncertainty in the content of the prohibition of being compelled to participate actively in criminal proceedings, the scope and nature of the passive sufferance obligation is controversial be- fore this principle. The jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights em- phasizes that the defendant’s right to remain silent and the freedom to refrain from accusing him/herself must be protected against the abolition of the state through the use of force. Treating the suspect/ defendant that represents the individual defense as the subject as a material object and processing him/her as a means of evidence without consent, would reduce the content of the nemo tenetur principle solely to the right to remain silent. The distinction made by the European Court of Human Rights regarding “knowledge ob- tained with the consent of the individual/knowledge obtained with- out consent” does not lead us to conclusions in line with the nemo tenetur seipsum accusare principle, since it creates the obligation of providing evidence means involuntarily (such as taking body sam- ples) to the judicial authority in all cases. We are of the opinion that if the passive sufferance obligation in the criminal proceedings is in- terpreted within the framework of the principles of proportionality and immunity of human dignity, results compatible with a modern criminal and criminal procedure law can be achieved. Keywords: Nemo Tenetur Seipsum Accusare Principle, Right to Remain Silent, Sufferance Obligation, Prohibition of Being Com- pelled to Participate Actively, Principle of Proportionality GİRİŞ Ceza muhakemesinin birincil amacı maddi gerçeğe ulaşmaktır. Ancak bu amaca ulaşmanın muhakeme hukuku kurallarına uygun olarak, şüpheli, sanık ve mağdurun muhakeme sürecindeki haklarını gözetmek suretiyle gerçekleştirilmesi gerektiği konusunda bir tered- düt bulunmamaktadır. Ceza muhakemesince somut gerçeği her türlü şüpheden uzak bir şekilde ortaya çıkarma çabası gösterilirken hukuk devleti ilkesinin esaslarına bağlı kalınmalı, bozulan hukuk barışını ye- niden sağlama amacı da dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu kapsamda ceza mu- hakemesinin günümüzde ön plana çıkan amacının, hukuk devleti ilke-