104 Yargı Kararları Işığında Disiplin Hukukunda Suçta ve Cezada Kanunilik İlkesi Abstract: “The principle of legality in crime and penalty” arranged in Article 38 of the Constitution is one of the most important principles of the penal law. This principle has sub-principles in the form of “the imposition of crime and offense only by law”, “certainty”, “prohibition of comparison”, and “prohibition of implementation of the adverse law”. It is controversial in the doctrine whether the principle of legality in crime and offense is valid in disciplinary law. The opinion of the Constitutional Court is that Article 38 of the Constitution is valid in terms of disciplinary offenses and that disciplinary offenses can only be imposed by law. In accordance with the principle of certainty, the norm including crime and offense should be clear and understandable. Unlike the penal law, it appears that the principle of certainty is not strictly applied in disciplinary law. For example, it cannot be said that disciplinary offenses “to act and behave incompatible with the dignity of a civil servant”, “to disturb the peace, tranquility and working order of institutions” or “to act disgracefully and embarrassing at a quality and degree incompatible with the title of civil servant” in Article 25 of the Civil Servants Law are clear and understandable. Nevertheless, unlike the penal law, there is no prohibition of comparison in disciplinary offenses. In terms of disciplinary offenses that are contrary to the certainty principle, examples of which are given above, the implementation of the comparison clause may lead to arbitrariness of the administration and cause very dangerous consequences. Keywords: Principle of Legality, Principle of Certainty, Disciplinary Law, Disciplinary Offense, Comparison GİRİŞ Suçta ve cezada kanunilik ilkesi, ceza hukukunda kişilerin hukuki güvenliğini sağlayan bir mekanizmadır.1 Bu ilkeyi düzenleyen Anayasa’nın 38. maddesine göre, “Kimse, işlendiği zaman yürürlükte bulunan kanunun suç saymadığı bir fiilden dolayı cezalandırılamaz; kimseye suçu işlediği zaman kanunda o suç için konulmuş olan cezadan daha ağır bir ceza verilemez. Suç ve ceza zamanaşımı ile ceza mahkumiyetinin sonuçları konusunda da yukarıdaki fıkra uygulanır. Ceza ve ceza yerine geçen güvenlik tedbirleri ancak kanunla konulur”. 1 Mahmut Koca/İlhan Üzülmez, Türk Ceza Hukuku Genel Hükümler, 13. Baskı, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara 2020, s.52.
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