2 Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin İptal Kararı Ardından Türk Hukukunda Evli Kadının ve Çocuğun Soyadı Anahtar Kelimeler: Kadının Soyadı, Çocuğun Soyadı, İptal Kararı, Eşlerin Soyadı, Evlilik Soyadı Abstract: Prior to the adoption of the Turkish Civil Code, there were regulations regarding the surname of women in different processes in our Civil Code. Especially with the provisions of the Turkish Civil Code, perhaps for the first time in the history of the Republic of Türkiye, men and women had achieved such an egalitarian status. Some provisions that seemed to be to the detriment of women were not put into an “absolute” egalitarian structure, either because of the nature of the business or because of a superior value to be protected. However, the existence of one of these titles could not be explained with the aforementioned reasons since the adoption of the Turkish Civil Code. This heading was the regulation on the “surname of the woman” who gets married. Because according to this regulation - in general - a woman was “obliged” to take her husband’s surname upon marriage and according to the Law, “the most she could do” was to use her previous surname together. Believing that this was not enough, women continued their legal struggle both nationally and internationally and started to achieve “successes” step by step. Perhaps one of the most recent and most important reflections of this wave is the Constitutional Court’s annulment of Article 187 of the Turkish Civil Code, which regulates the surname of married women. At the beginning of the writing of this study, the Legislature had not yet enacted a legal regulation on the subject. With the entry into force of the annulment decision, the consequences affect not only the “woman” but also the “child” who depends on the surname of the parents. Considering that serious legal problems regarding the family and the child may arise in the following period, this study has been prepared to include solution suggestions. Keywords: Surname of a Woman, Surname of a Child, Annulment Decision, Supouses, Surname, Family Name GİRİŞ Kadının soyadına ilişkin eşitlikçi bir soyadı sisteminin oluşturulabilmesi için sivil toplum faaliyetleri, bireysel mücadeleler sonrası, mevzuatta değişiklikler olduğu gibi1 yargı kararları açısından da farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. 1923 yılında Cumhuriyetin kurulduğu, 1926 yılında Medeni Kanun’un, 1934 yılında ise Soyadı Kanunu’nun kabul edildiği; AYM’nin, evlenen kadının soyadına ilişkin verdiği iptal kara1 Nitekim hukuki mücadeleler sadece Türk hukuk sisteminde değil Avrupa ve ABD’de de gelişmiştir. Bkz.: Gül Akyılmaz, “Osmanlı Devleti’nde Kadınların Mülkiyet Hakları ve Karşılaştıkları Hukuki Sorunlar”, Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi, Kadın ve Hukuk, S. Özel, Aralık 2017, s. 330: “… gerek Avrupa gerekse ABD’de kadınların eşitlik ve politik haklar konusundaki mücadelelerinde ilk adımlar evlilik içindeki eşitsizliklerin giderilmesi ve ekonomik haklar konusunda olmuştur”.
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