328 Soykırım Sözleşmesinin Gazze’de Uygulanması Davasında Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nın İhtiyati Tedbir Kararı Anahtar Kelimeler: Gazze Operasyonu, Soykırımı Önleme ve Cezalandırma Sözleşmesi, Uluslararası Adalet Divanı, İhtiyati Tedbirler Abstract: After Israel indiscriminately targeted civilian settlements, hospitals and aid centers in the military operations it launched in Gaza at the beginning of October 2024, forcing the civilian population to migrate under the threat of attack and causing the death of thousands of people, mostly children and women, South Africa filed an application to the International Court of Justice against this state, alleging a violation of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide. In its petition, South Africa requested the Court to take provisional measures due to the urgency of the situation and the risk of irreparable harm to the population. In its interim decision dated January 26, 2024, the Court recalled Israel of its obligations not to violate the Genocide Convention, to prevent acts contrary to the Convention, to punish those who commit the crime of incitement to genocide, and not to hinder humanitarian aid to the people of Gaza. As the situation in Gaza gradually deteriorated and the number of casualties increased, South Africa applied to the Court twice more after the first decision and requested it to tighten the measures and especially to take decision on the cessation of military operations. The Court decided on additional measures on 28 March 2024, mainly regarding the provision of humanitarian aid. The subject of this article is to examine the provisional measures taken by the Court in this case in terms of their scope. Based on the scope of the measures, the article questions how the Court applied the Genocide Convention, which forms the basis of its jurisdiction, in a concrete case, the connections it establishes between the measures and the actual situation, and the adequacy and effectivity of the measures. Keywords: Gaza Operation, Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide, International Court of Justice, Provisional Measures GİRİŞ Makalemizin konusu Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nın (bundan sonra UAD veya Divan) Güney Afrika v. İsrail Davasında verdiği ihtiyati tedbirler kararını, tedbirlerin muhtevası ve yerindeliği açısından değerlendirmektir. İhtiyati tedbir kararları son dönemde Divan’ın sıklıkla kullandığı, bunun yanında hukuki temelleri ve dayandığı kriterler açısından gerek Divan içerisinde gerekse öğretide tartışmalara yol açan enstrümanlardır.1 Biz bu yazıda söz konusu tartışmalara girme1 Cameron A. Miles, Provisional measures before international courts and tribunals, Cambridge University Press, 2017. İhtiyati tedbirler üzerine en kapsamlı çalışmalardan biri olan bu eserin bilhassa II. ve III. Bölümlerine bakılabilir.
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