68 Türk Ceza Kanunu’nda Çocuk Düşürtme ve Düşürme Suçu Abstract: The crime of “Abortion and Miscarriage”, which is regulated in the fifth chapter titled “Abortion, Miscarriage or Sterilization” of the second part of the second book titled “Crimes Against Persons” of the second book of the Turkish Penal Code No. 5237, is primarily penalizes the person who causes a woman to miscarry her child without her consent (art. 99/1), as well as the person who performs an abortion on a woman with her consent when there is no medical necessity and the pregnancy period exceeds ten weeks (art. 99/2). It also penalizes the woman who voluntarily miscarries her child when the pregnancy period is more than ten weeks (art. 100/1). However, it also provides that if a woman becomes pregnant as a result of a crime of which she is the victim, the termination of the pregnancy, which does not exceed twenty weeks, with the consent of the woman, by specialist physicians and in a hospital environment, will not be punished (art. 99/6). The crime of abortion and miscarriage primarily aims to protect the right to life of the fetus settled in the mother’s womb. However, in these crimes, women’s physical immunity and their right to self-determination are also protected. The fetus is not independent from the woman until it is born. For this reason, there is a conflict between the fetus’s right to life and the woman’s right to dispose of her bodily immunity and her right to self-determination. In all legal systems, the necessity of establishing a fair balance between the fetus’s right to life and the woman’s choice regarding pregnancy and motherhood has been encountered. In this study, the crimes of abortion and miscarriage regulated in the Turkish Penal Code were examined and the historical development of these crimes, their ethical and religious dimensions, and their legal elements were emphasized in detail. Keywords: Abortion, Miscarriage, Fetus, Termination of Pregnancy, Right to Life GİRİŞ 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nun (TCK) “Kişilere Karşı Suçlar” başlıklı kısmı altında çocuk düşürtme (m.99) ve çocuk düşürme (m.100) suçları düzenlenmiş bulunmaktadır. Bu suçlar 765 sayılı eski TCK’nın 468 ilâ 470. maddelerinde cezai yaptırıma bağlanmıştır. Eski TCK’daki bu hükümler 1933, 1936, 1953, 1965 yıllarında değiştirilmiştir.1 Nihayet 24.05.1983 tarihli ve 2827 sayılı Nüfus Planlaması Hakkında Kanun (NPHK) çıkarılmıştır. NPHK’nın, 5237 sayılı yeni TCK ile yürürlükten kaldırılan 765 sayılı eski TCK’da değişiklik yapan hükümleri dışındaki 1 Salih Oktar, Türk Ceza Kanunu’nda Çocuk Düşürtme ve Çocuk Düşürme Suçları (TCK m.99-100), 1. Baskı, Oniki Levha Yayınları, Ankara, 2016, s.1-3.
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