sayi115

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesi’nin 3. Maddesi ve İndirimsiz Müebbet Hapis Cezaları

Anahtar Sözcükler

: Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi, indirim-

siz müebbet hapis cezaları, kötü muamele, şartla salıverme, suçlula-

rın iadesi, Türk infaz hukuku.

Abstract:

Broad and dynamic interpretation by the ECtHR of

the European Convention on Human Rights has led to widening of

the scope of the right protected under Article 3 of the Convention

(prohibition of torture, inhuman and degrading treatment or

punishment). Taking the Court’s case-law on the subject into

account, it is observed that Article 3 of the Convention is not only

interpreted and implemented in a way that it prohibits ill-treatment

by public authorities of individuals (

negative obligation

), but in a

way as to impose responsibility to protect individuals against ill-

treatment which may be inflicted by other individuals (

positive

obligation

). Furthermore, risk of torture, inhuman or degrading

treatment in case of extradition of a person to a [third] country,

conditions of detention centres and prisons and the possibility of

being subject to certain kinds of punishment could also be found by

the Court as contrary to this provision.

One of the punishments considered to be in violation of Article

3 of the Convention is the irreducible life sentence whose execution

continues until death without any prospect of release. In view of the

Grand Chamber judgments,

Kafkaris v. Cyprus

and

Vinter and Others

v. the United Kingdom,

it would be safe to say that the case-law of

the Court on this subject is well established. Accordingly, a whole

life sentence without any prospect of release violates Article 3 of

the Convention. In 2014, the Court rendered its judgment in the case

Öcalan v. Turkey (no. 2)

, which will inevitably have the impact on

Turkish law on execution of sentences and security measures, in

light of the above-mentioned well-established case-law. As far as

extradition proceedings are concerned, expulsion or extradition

of a person to a [third] country where he or she may face such

punishment will in all likelihood be considered as contrary to the

requirements of Article 3 of the Convention.

Keywords:

European Court of Human Rights, irreducible life

sentences, ill treatment, conditional release, extradition, Turkish

law on execution of sentences and security measures.

Giriş

Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi (“AİHM” veya “Mahkeme”)

18 Mart 2014 tarihinde Türk infaz hukukunu yakından etkileyecek

önemli bir karara imza atmıştır. Bu karar, Öcalan v. Türkiye (no. 2)

kararı olup, önemi, ölünceye kadar infaz edilecek müebbet hapis ce-

zalarına ilişkin bölümünden kaynaklanmaktadır. Ancak, Öcalan hak-

kında AİHM tarafından verilen tek karar bu olmayıp, Mahkeme’nin

bu konuda verdiği başka bir karar daha vardır.